Institutional infrastructure

Who is licensed to offer institutional crypto services in Europe

Every licensed legal entity from the ESMA MiCA register, plus the leading international providers without an EU licence. Filter by country, service and custody status.

Register status: 2026-08-20 · ESMA CASP

335

licensed legal entities across 26 member states of the EU and EEA

197

of them licensed for custody, the core of the institutional business

79

licensed in Germany, more than in any other member state

167

firms are listed by ESMA as reported non-compliant

The licensing wave, visible in the register data

Four entities were licensed by the end of 2024. In the second quarter of 2026 alone, 105 were added.

025507510042024 Q4122025 Q1272025 Q2272025 Q3822025 Q4362026 Q11052026 Q2412026 Q3
New authorisations per quarter. The third quarter of 2026 is shown faded because it was still running on the retrieval date and is therefore not comparable with full quarters.

The register, filterable

The B2B selection is preset. The toggle shows the complete register, which also contains brokers and trading venues for retail clients. Column headers sort.

32 of 349 shown

NYDFS

not in EU register46,000 / Searches/mo.
2025-05-0934,000 / Searches/mo.
not in EU register20,000 / Searches/mo.
not in EU register19,000 / Searches/mo.

Key infrastructure, not a custodian in the legal sense

not in EU register16,000 / Searches/mo.

JFSC Jersey

not in EU register12,000 / Searches/mo.

FalconX

FalconX Limited

MT
2026-06-267,700 / Searches/mo.

SEC

not in EU register5,000 / Searches/mo.

OCC

not in EU register4,700 / Searches/mo.

Technology provider, no CASP licence required

not in EU register4,400 / Searches/mo.

Coinbase

Coinbase Luxembourg S.A.

LU
2025-06-203,300 / Searches/mo.

Sygnum Europe

Sygnum Europe AG

LI
2026-06-263,100 / Searches/mo.

AMINA EU

AMINA (Austria) AG

AT
2025-10-292,900 / Searches/mo.

zerohash europe

zerohash europe B.V.

NL
2025-10-292,600 / Searches/mo.
2026-06-222,300 / Searches/mo.

SFC Hong Kong

not in EU register1,600 / Searches/mo.
2025-08-081,300 / Searches/mo.

Bison Bank

Bison Bank, S.A.

PT
2026-05-191,200 / Searches/mo.

Zodia

Zodia Custody (Europe) S.A.

LU
2025-12-121,100 / Searches/mo.
not in EU register1,100 / Searches/mo.

CIRCLE

CIRCLE INTERNET FINANCIAL EUROPE SAS

FR
2026-04-23800 / Searches/mo.

FINMA

not in EU register700 / Searches/mo.

BaFin · Existing German permission, but no MiCA entry in the register

not in EU register600 / Searches/mo.

FCA

not in EU register100 / Searches/mo.
not in EU register100 / Searches/mo.
2025-01-1790 / Searches/mo.
2025-01-2440 / Searches/mo.
2025-04-07
2025-01-24

Kraken Digital Asset Exchange (Kraken)

Payward Europe Solutions Limited

IE
2025-06-25

What institutional custody costs

Custodians negotiate per mandate and publish no price lists. What is public is the structure of the fee and a few disclosed figures. Everything below is sourced from industry publications, not confirmed by the providers, and should be read as an order of magnitude rather than a quote.

4 – 15 bp

Annual custody fee

Basis points per year on assets under custody. Larger mandates pay less; 10 bp on 10 million dollars is 10,000 dollars a year.

0,5 – 1 Mio. $

Typical minimum balance

Reported entry thresholds range from about 500,000 dollars to one million; some providers are named at ten million.

ab 10.000 $

Onboarding fee

One provider is publicly cited at 10,000 dollars; others fold onboarding into the annual fee.

200 – 750 Mio. $

Insurance cover

Cover named by the larger custodians, usually as an aggregate limit for the whole platform, not per client.

Beyond the headline rate, four items decide the real cost: network fees passed through, staking commission, withdrawal charges, and whether reporting and audit support are included or billed separately.

What this edition cannot do yet

  • Per-provider fees are missing and will probably stay missing: custodians negotiate per mandate. What is verifiable is licence, services, domicile and supervision.
  • Custody model, insurance and audit evidence are not yet in the data. They come only from the providers themselves and are not public for every firm. Where that is the case, the entry will read “not disclosed”, not blank.
  • The role assignment is editorial and set for the curated entries only. For the rest, the table shows what the register says and nothing beyond it.
  • A missing register entry does not mean unregulated. These firms are supervised elsewhere, by the OCC, FINMA, the SFC or under existing German permissions.

Sources and method

ESMA CASP register and the list of firms reported as non-compliant, both retrieved on 2 September 2026. Latest field update in the register: 20 August 2026. Search volumes from Ahrefs, worldwide per month, same date. Brand and licensed legal entity frequently differ: Kraken is licensed as Payward Europe Solutions, Coinbase as Coinbase Luxembourg. Every match was checked individually against the register field, because substring matching produces plausible false hits.